Presidential Appointments Requiring Senate Approval

What a compliment! The President of the United States has named you to fill a top-level government position, maybe even a Cabinet-level job. Well, enjoy a glass of bubbly and take some slaps on the back, but dont sell the house and call the movers just yet. The president may want you, but unless you also win the approval of the U.S. Senate, its back to the shoe store on Monday for you. Across the federal government, nearly 1,200 executive-level jobs may be filled only by individuals appointed by the president and approved by a simple majority vote of the Senate. For new incoming presidents, filling many, if not most, of these vacated positions as quickly as possible represents a major part of their presidential transition process, as well as taking a significant portion of time throughout the remainder of their terms. What Kind of Jobs are These? According to a Congressional Research Service report, these presidentially-appointed positions requiring Senate approval can be categorized as follows: Secretaries of the 15 Cabinet agencies, deputy secretaries, undersecretaries, and assistant secretaries, and general counsels of those agencies: Over 350 positionsJustices of the Supreme Court: 9 positions (Supreme Court justices serve for life subject to death, retirement, resignation or impeachment.)Certain jobs in the independent, non-regulatory executive branch agencies, like NASA and the National Science Foundation: Over 120 positionsDirector positions in the regulatory agencies, like the Environmental Protection Agency and the Federal Aviation Administration: Over 130 positionsU.S. Attorneys and U.S. Marshals: About 200 positionsAmbassadors to foreign nations: Over 150 positionsPresidential appointments to part-time positions, like the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System: Over 160 positions Politics Can Be a Problem Certainly, the fact that these positions require the approval of the Senate poses the possibility that partisan politics may play a critical role in the presidential appointment process. Especially during times when one political party controls the White House and another party holds a majority in the Senate, as was the case during the second term of President Barak Obama, Senators of the opposition party are more likely to try to delay or reject the president’s nominees. But There are ‘Privileged’ Nominations Hoping to avoid those political pitfalls and delays in the presidential nominee approval process, the Senate, on June 29, 2011, adopted Senate Resolution 116, which established a special expedited procedure governing Senate consideration of certain lower-level presidential nominations. Under the resolution, over 40 specific presidential nominations—mostly assistant department secretaries and members of various boards and commissions—bypass the Senate subcommittee approval process. Instead, the nominations are sent to the chairpersons of the appropriate Senate committees under the heading, â€Å"Privileged Nominations – Information Requested.† Once the committees’ staffs have verified that the â€Å"appropriate biographical and financial questionnaires have been received† from the nominee, the nominations are considered by the full Senate. In sponsoring Senate Resolution 116, Senator Chuck Schumer (D-New York) stated his view that because the nominations were for â€Å"noncontroversial positions,† they should be confirmed on the floor of the Senate by â€Å"unanimous consent†Ã¢â‚¬â€meaning they are all approved at the same time by a single voice vote. However, under the rules governing unanimous consent items, any Senator, for himself or herself or on the behalf of another Senator, can direct that any particular â€Å"privileged† nominee be referred to Senate committee and considered in the usual fashion. Recess Appointments: The Presidents’ End Run Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution gives presidents a way to at least temporarily bypass the Senate in making presidential appointments. Specifically, the third clause of Article II, Section 2 grants the president the power to â€Å"fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.† The courts have held that this means that during times the Senate is in a recess, the president can make appointments without the need for Senate approval. However, the appointee must be approved by the Senate by the end of the next session of Congress, or when the position becomes vacant again. While the Constitution does not address the issue, the Supreme Court in its 2014 decision in the case of National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning ruled that the Senate must be in recess for at least three consecutive days before the president can make recess appointments. This process, popularly known as â€Å"recess appointments,† is often highly controversial. In an attempt to prevent recess appointments, the minority party in the Senate often holds â€Å"pro forma† sessions during recesses lasting longer than three days. While no legislative business is conducted in a pro forma session, they ensure that Congress is not officially adjourned, thus blocking the president from making recess appointments. Presidentially Appointed Jobs With No Senate Needed If you really want to work â€Å"at the pleasure of the president,† but don’t want to have to face the scrutiny of the U.S. Senate, there are more than 320 other high-level government jobs that the president can fill directly without the Senate’s consideration or approval. The jobs, known as PA, or â€Å"Presidential Appointment† jobs pay from about $99,628 to about $180,000 per year and offer full federal employee benefits, according to the Government Accountability Office.

Evaluation Of A Battery Draining Attack - 2212 Words

A Battery Draining Attack with Little to No Information Bo Wang, Chen Xi, Ximeng Wang Information Networking Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA Team Except10n Information Networking Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA Abstract—Battery draining attacks exploit the resource limitation of modern mobile devices and have long been proved effective. However, most of the existing attack methods require sensitive information of the target in advance, which limits the effectiveness of this attack. This paper describes the design and implementation of a battery draining attack combined with Man-In-The-Middle attacks that requires as little information of the target as possible. The attack aims to be performed on any target connecting to a random public AP, to work on a wide range of devices automatically, and to drain the batteries covertly without notifications. Several implementations are tested, their battery draining speed measured and the best attack is able to speed up the battery usage 14.3 times. Pros and cons of this attack are discussed. Keywords—mobile; security; battery; attack; MITM; Android I. INTRODUCTION The latest iPhone is 16 times more powerful than the one Steve Jobs unveiled nine years ago, but the battery still lasts just a day. [1] This simple fact points out how Moore’s law fails on the improvement speed of batteries on mobile devices. In the development if defensive applications and intrusion detection systemsShow MoreRelatedCompassion Fatigue9142 Words   |  37 Pagesand arranging for disposition—either admitting them to the hospital or releasing them after treatment as necessary. These requires fast assessment, evaluation and quick diagnosis of a suffering patient by the physicians. 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My Most Memorable Expeirence Free Essays

My Most Memorable Experience My most memorable experience would have to be the first time I stepped into a dance studio. I recall walking into an old musty room I could smell the sweat from afar. The dance teacher was repeating words that would forever stay with me for years to come. We will write a custom essay sample on My Most Memorable Expeirence or any similar topic only for you Order Now Five, six, seven, eight! The teacher stood in the center of the room clapping her delicate hands to the rhythm of the drum. As I stood there I was transformed. I started to perspire with excitement. I could see the dancers their aces full of intensity stomping to the rhythm of the drum. I knew at that moment that I was soon going to be part of that group. My body began to prepare Itself for the intensity of my first class, that would forever be part of my life. Folkloric dance was soon to become part of my life. I quietly sat down and began to stretch my muscles to prepare for my class. I could see skirts of many vibrant colors twirling and spinning making beautiful designs in the air. I stepped into my folkloric shoes. These shoes are especially made for this type of dance. They have nails on the tip of he shoe and on the heal, this enables the dancer to make sounds that are different from those used in tap shoes or flamenco shoes. These shoes are hard to find, they are usually ordered from cities like Quadrangular, or Mexico. I Joined the other dancers their faces full of passion and Intensity. They were already producing beautiful â€Å"cooperated†, Toe heal flat, toe, heal flat. I began to move my feet to rhythm of the beat. That I was soon going to be part of that group. My body began to prepare itself for the their faces full of passion and intensity. They were already producing beautiful How to cite My Most Memorable Expeirence, Papers

Statistics Business Research Methods and Analysis

Question: Discuss about the Statistics Business Research Methods and Analysis. Answer: Introduction: The coffee plantation in Australia is carried out for more than 200 years. The places of the country where coffee is grown can be classified into three regions- northern New South Wales, subtropical region of Queensland in south east and tropical region of north Queensland (Iori et al. 2014). In this assignment, the growth of the coffee industry in the last few decades is being studied. The Australian Subtropical Coffee Association is chosen for the purpose. An outline idea about the methods of data collection and analysis of the data is given in this assignment. The possible interpretation of the results of the analysis is also given in this assignment. Problem Statement: The problem statement of the research assignment is to identify the growth of coffee business in Australia. Research aim: The aim of the research is to identify the growth of coffee business in Australia and the factors that has brought about the growth. Research objective: The objective of the research work is as follows: To determine the growth of the coffee industry. To find out the factors behind the growth of coffee industry. To forecast the future business of the industry. Research questions: The major questions asked in this research work are as follows: What is the rate of growth of the coffee industry in Australia in Australian subtropical region? What are the factors that have brought about this growth of business? How are the new changes brought about in the industry? Literature review: Coffee plantation in Australia is carried out in different parts of the country. The coffee plantation of subtropical region extends from Coffs Harbor to Noosa (Prijono and Bana 2015). There are about 35 growers that produce almost 600 tons of coffee (Boreux et al. 2016). The coffee is grown as green coffee seeds in the plantation plants. The flowering of the plants takes place during November December month and cherries are grown after 4-8 weeks (Clifford 2012). The cherries last for 4-5 months. The cherries are harvested and processed. These processed coffees are marketed internationally as green coffee beans. The green coffee beans are roasted to prepare the coffee to drink (Walters and Broom 2013). The Australian Subtropical coffee Association is formed by the peoples who are engaged in coffee industry starting from coffee growing, processing to promoting and advertising of coffee (Williams 2014). The coffee plantation in Australia has faced many challenges like shortage of workers for plucking coffee beans. Coffee business could not make much profit in the past. In the present days, coffee production and plantation has grown by the application of new technology (Miura et al. 2014). Variables and hypotheses: The major variables associated with this research work are the prices of coffee, the production figures of coffee, the number of people employed in the coffee industry. The growth of business of the industry is measured in terms of production figures and the prices of the product. The variables like prices of coffee and the number of people employed in the industry are dependent on the production figures. The major hypotheses involved in this research work are: H01: The coffee business in Australia does not change in the recent times. H11: The coffee business has changed in the country. Operational definitions and measurements: The problem in the research work is to determine the changes brought about in the Australian Subtropical Coffee Association and the factors contributing to such growth. The main variables in the research work are prices of coffee, production figures of coffee and the number of firms engaged in coffee production. The production figures are measured in tones and the prices are in Australian dollars. The coffee plantation firms that are taken for the research study are of the same region. So there will be no variation in the production figures due to differences in climate or other factors like availability of workers. The variation in production figures due to change of climatic conditions over the years can easily be determined from the data. The values of the variables are approximate figures. The analysis will not be affected by this because the values apply for a very large area. Research methodology and design: The data collected for the purpose of the research is of secondary type. There are about 35 coffee growing companies that operate on more than 300 hectares of area. The amount of coffee produced per year by the firms is obtained from the company website. The figures of number of workers in such firms, prices of coffee sold, operating income of such firms are obtained from the company website. No such constraint is involved in doing the research work. The data collected will be analyzed with the help of statistical methods such as descriptive statistics methods, regression analysis and time series analysis. Methodology: Data collection: The data that is to be collected is of secondary data. The website of Australian Subtropical coffee Association contains data about the different coffee growing firms in the region between Noosa and Coffs harbor. The data about the total plantation and production of coffee, the price of coffee in the current period and the number of workers in those firms are obtainable from the companys website (Astca.org 2016). Data analysis: The analysis of the data is carried out by applying various descriptive statistics methods. The differences in measures of central tendency like mean and median values of present and previous period of production will indicate the growth of the business. A linear regression can be fitted taking production figures as independent variable and price as dependent variables. A significant value of regression coefficient will indicate the factor has contributed to the business growth. A time series analysis can be done to determine the production figures of next 10 years. Conclusions: In this assignment the growth of coffee business in Australia is being studied. Various methods of statistics like time series analysis, regression methods are applied to carry out the analysis. This assignment will help the Australian Subtropical Coffee Association to have deeper look into their coffee growing business and take necessary steps. This would help in the development of coffee growing business in Australia. References: Astca.org. (2016). Australian Subtropical Coffee Association. [online] Available at: https://www.astca.org/ [Accessed 29 Aug. 2016]. Boreux, V., Vaast, P., Madappa, L. P., Cheppudira, K. G., Garcia, C., Ghazoul, J. (2016). Agroforestry coffee production increased by native shade trees, irrigation, and liming.Agronomy for Sustainable Development,36(3), 1-9. Clifford, M.N. ed., 2012.Coffee: botany, biochemistry and production of beans and beverage. Springer Science Business Media. Iori, P., Junior, D., De Souza, M., Ajayi, A.E., Guimares, P.T.G. and Abreu Jnior, .A., 2014. Influence of field slope and coffee plantation age on the physical properties of a Red-Yellow Latosol.Revista Brasileira de Cincia do Solo,38(1), pp.107-117. Miura, K., Hughes, M.C.B., Green, A.C. and Van Der Pols, J.C., 2014. Caffeine intake and risk of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin in an 11-year prospective study.European journal of nutrition,53(2), pp.511-520. Prijono, S. and Bana, S., 2015. Study of Soil Moisture on Coffee Plantation in Dry Land Using Neutron Probe in Malang, East Java.Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci,4(2), pp.135-143. Walters, P. and Broom, A., 2013. The city, the caf, and the public realm in Australia. InCaf society(pp. 185-205). Palgrave Macmillan US. Williams, C., 2014. Fair trade coffee: a good choice for sustainability?.

Aztecs Essays - Altepetl, Aztec Society, , Term Papers

Aztecs The Aztec Empire was a Native American state that ruled much of what is now Mexico from about 1427 until 1521, when the empire was conquered by the Spaniards. The empire represented the highest point in the development of the rich Aztec civilization that had begun more than a century earlier. At the height of their power, the Aztec controlled a region stretching from the Valley of Mexico in central Mexico east to the Gulf of Mexico and south to Guatemala. The Aztec built great cities and developed a complex social, political, and religious structure. Their capital, Tenochitlan, was located on the site of present-day Mexico City. An elaborate city built on islands and marsh land, Tenochtitl?n was possibly the largest city in the world at the time of the Spanish conquest. It featured a huge temple complex, a royal palace, and numerous canals. After the Spanish conquest, the empire of the Aztec was destroyed, but their civilization remained an important influence on the development of Mexican culture. Many present-day Mexicans are descended from the Aztec, and more than 1 million Mexicans speak Nahuatl, the native Aztec language, as their primary language. In Mexico City, searches continue to uncover temple foundations, statues, jewelry, and other artifacts of the Aztec civilization. Aztec refers both to the people who founded the empire, who called themselves Mexica, or Tenochca, and, more generally, to all of the many other Nahuatl-speaking ethnic groups that lived in the Valley of Mexico at the time of the Spanish conquest. The name Aztec is derived from Aztlan, the mythical homeland of the Mexica; according to tradition, Aztl?n was located northwest of the Valley of Mexico, possibly in west Mexico. The name Mexico is derived from Mexica. Long before the rise of the Aztec, the Valley of Mexico was the center of a highly developed civilization. A fertile basin, the valley was located 7800 ft above sea level. In its center lay five interconnected lakes dotted with marshy islands. From about AD 100 to 650 the valley was dominated by the city of Teotihuacan, center of a powerful religious, economic, and political state. After the decline of Teotihuac?n, the Toltec people migrated into central Mexico from the north and established a conquest state there. The Toltec civilization reached its height in the 10th and 11th centuries. In the 13th century wandering bands of Nahuatl-speaking warriors, often called Chichimec, invaded the valley. They took over Toltec cities, such as Atzcapotzalco, and founded new ones, such as Texcoco de Mora. The Chichimec combined their own cultural traditions with those of the Toltec to form the early Aztec civilization, whose social structure, economy, and arts would reach their height under the rule of the later empire. The group that eventually founded the Aztec Empire, the Mexica, migrated to the Valley of Mexico in the middle of the 13th century. As late arrivals, the Mexica, a hunter-gatherer people, were forced by other groups in the valley to take refuge on two islands near the western shore of Lake Texcoco (one of the five lakes in the area). The Mexica believed in a certain legend, which held that they would establish a great civilization in a marshy area, where they would first see a cactus growing out of a rock with an eagle perched on the cactus. After the Mexica arrived at the swampy site on the shore of Lake Texcoco, their priests proclaimed that they had seen the promised omen. The site turned out to be a strategic location, with abundant food supplies and waterways for transportation. The Mexica began farming for a living, and in 1325 they founded the city of Tenochtitl?n on one of the lake islands. For the next 100 years they paid tribute to stronger neighboring groups, especially the Tepanec of the city-state of Azcapotzalco, whom they served as mercernaries. As the Mexica grew in number, they established superior military and civil organizations. Gradually, they revolted against the Tepanec and won control of some territory on the mainland. In about 1427 the Mexica of Tenochtitl?n formed a triple alliance with the city-states of Texcoco and Tlacopan (now Tacuba). Under the Mexica ruler Itzcoatl, his successor Montezuma I, and the Texcocan ruler Netzahualcoyotl, the three states began a series of conquests. They eventually established an empire that extended from central Mexico to the Guatemalan border and included many different states and ethnic groups, who were forced to pay tribute to the alliance. Tenochtitl?n became the dominant power within the alliance. Aztec society was highly structured, based on agriculture, and guided by a religion that pervaded

Slavery vs. Jim Crow essays

Slavery vs. Jim Crow essays The Dred Scott case was one, which had a major impact on bringing the nation nearer to war (Mullane 132-133). Dred Scott was a slave owned by army surgeon Dr. John Emerson, and accompanied him when he left his Missouri home to spend several years in Illinois and the Louisiana Purchase Territory (now Minnesota). Illinois at the time was a free state under the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, as was the Louisiana Purchase Territory, but according to the terms of the Missouri Compromise of 1820, Missouri was a slave state. After they returned to Missouri, Dr. Emerson died, and Dred Scott sued Emersons wife for his freedom. The Circuit Court of St. Louis County sided with Scott, but the Missouri Supreme Court reversed the decision by a ruling which said that just because Scott had resided in a free state, that did not make him a free man. Emersons brother, John F. A. Sanford of New York bought Scott for the purpose of bringing a case in federal court which, according to the Constitution, had the power to decide cases between citizens of different states (Mullane 132-133). However, in 1856, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney of the Supreme Court delayed the case for a year to avoid giving a ruling in a presidential election year. The outcome of the eventual trial showed a deep division surrounding the issue of slavery, but the prevailing opinion was that of Chief Justice Taney who argued that Scott did not gain his freedom just by traveling into free territory, and that he could not be considered a citizen of the state of Missouri or be protected under federal law. Taney contended that slavery could not be banned by the territories and so the Missouri Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional. Six other justices agreed that Scott could not be a citizen, while two justices who were anti-slavery, John McLean of Ohio and Be njamin R. Curtis of Massachusetts, declared that Scott was free once he traveled into free territory. The ver...

Magnum Ice cream Launch in the US Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Magnum Ice cream Launch in the US Market - Essay Example According to the study the product has a unique appearance as it is golden in colour, which resembles liquid gold. The value proposition of the company is to provide the ultimate ice-cream experience for adults. The chief competitive advantage of the company is that it is the first ice-cream brand to target its products at adults. It is the biggest brand of Unilever ice-creams.   From this paper it is clear that Magnum Ice Cream is a part of the Unilever company. Over the past few years, the company has recorded rapid growth in its business. Recently, the company has been trying to emerge as the top player in the U.S. ice-cream industry.  The U.S. market produced about 1.53 billion gallons of ice-cream and related frozen desserts in 2011. The revenue from ice-cream sales was above 10 million in 2010 with take home market sales comprising 67.7 % of the total market value. The retail volume sales of ice-cream are expected to decline by 1% in 2013 because of the global economic rece ssion.  The U.S. has very low political risk for any business that wishes to enter into the country. As the company will mainly operate in the food industry, it may be subject to U.S. Food and Drug Administration laws for fair business practices.  The economic situation of the country is at an all time low as U.S. is one of the most developed countries of the world. The country has witnessed one of the most severe recessions, which began in 2007 and continued till 2009.